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2026 Ford EVAP Vapor Canister Purge Valve Technical Guide — 9U5Z9C915H OEM Specs, DTC Mapping & CAN-Bus 3.0 Compliance
Your EVAP code is a leak-location question. EVAP is the sealed system that keeps fuel vapor out of the air.
The purge valve on the engine fails most often. Our vapor canister purge valve 9U5Z9C915H for the Ford Escape, Fusion, Mariner, Milan and F-150 is a new direct-fit unit at $35.76 with a one-year warranty.
The loop on one page
Seal the system and it becomes one container with seven stations. Each symptom points at one station.
- Fuel tank — sealed; it makes vapor whenever the car sits in the sun.
- Tank pressure sensor — the monitor's only eye.
- Filler neck — capless on most of these years; the seal is a spring-loaded flapper.
- Rollover valve (Ford calls it FLVV) — passes vapor, blocks liquid.
- Charcoal canister — a low-mounted carbon bed that stores vapor.
- Vent valve — normally open; the canister breathes while you drive.
- Purge valve — normally closed, pulsed by the PCM; it feeds vapor to the intake manifold to burn.
Deeper guides: the fuel tank pressure sensor OEM and DTC guide and the fuel tank filler neck restoration guide. Loop parts live in our exhaust and emission systems collection.
What the monitor does, in numbers
The PCM — your engine computer — seals the loop, pulls a vacuum, and watches the tank sensor. Only a scan tool reads them, because 1.0 psi equals 28.0 in.-H2O.
- Purge phase. Both valves open, engine running: about -2.0 to -4.0 in.-H2O. Past -8.0 it sees a restriction or a stuck-open valve: P1450.
- Sealed draw. Vent closed, purge open, target about -8.0. Never reached means a gross leak: P0455.
- Hold and re-seal. Both closed for about 30 seconds: -7 to zero fast is gross, and -7 to -4 over the half minute is the 0.040-inch class, P0442. Sealed again, the loop should rebuild at least 2.5 in.-H2O.
- Key-off check. From about 2005 the PCM re-tests key-off, vent held closed about 30 minutes, down to 0.020 inch. Hybrids use a pump; the Fiesta 2011-2013 a pressure-switch module.
So the procedure is simple: seal the vent, apply low pressure, and see whether it holds.
| Smoke-test step | Target | If it fails |
|---|---|---|
| Seal the atmospheric end first | Vent valve commanded closed by scan tool, or the vent hose plugged at the canister | Skipped — smoke pours from the open vent and every other reading is void |
| Injection point | EVAP service port under the green cap, Schrader core removed; filler-neck adapter on capless systems | Core left in chokes the flow and skews the flow-meter reading |
| Supply pressure | Below 1 psi against a loop rated near 0.5 psi (about 12 in.-H2O) | Unregulated shop air can rupture the canister and turn a valve job into a tank-out repair |
| Purge draw, engine running | -2.0 to -4.0 in.-H2O with vent open and purge commanded open | No draw — restricted line or dead purge valve; move to the engine-side gate |
| Sealed draw | -7.0 to -10.0 in.-H2O with the vent commanded closed | Target never reached — gross leak; the smoke will name the station |
| Hold, both valves closed | Needle steady for roughly 30 seconds | -7 to 0 in seconds = gross leak; -7 to -4 over 30 s = 0.040-in class |
| Flow meter, loop sealed | Ball near zero, machine verified against its 0.040-in orifice first | Ball keeps climbing — a live leak even when no smoke is visible |
The smoke test, step by step
Three steps, in order. Skipping step one is why most home smoke tests find nothing.
- Seal the vent first. Command it closed with a scan tool, or unplug the vent solenoid and pinch its hose at the canister.
- Pick the injection point. Use the EVAP service port under the green cap — the factory test inlet. Pull the Schrader core first, or it chokes the flow.
- Watch the pressure. Stay below 1 psi; the loop is rated near 0.5. Shop air can rupture the canister.
Then read the exit; each one names a different station.
- Smoke at the purge valve's open port convicts the valve — it should be shut at rest. That is the rich crank after refueling and P0496; the 9U5Z9C915H purge valve for the Escape, Fusion and F-150 closes it.
- Smoke at the canister seams or vent valve convicts the rear half. Toyota builds the same station: the vent valve solenoid for the Lexus ES350, IS300, Toyota Avalon and Camry and the CP808 vent valve for the Toyota Highlander and Tacoma 2017-2023.
- Smoke at the filler neck convicts the capless flapper or its hose joints, not the canister. That is the split Ford's P144A flowchart draws.
- No smoke but a climbing flow meter is a live leak: the 0.020-inch class. A DIY rig finds only loud leaks; a metered machine reads the rest.
Matching the replacement to its station
Ford split one job across many numbers. Match by year, engine and casting number.
- The 9U5Z-9C915-H family is the engine-side gate on most platforms. Our 9U5Z9C915H vapor canister purge valve fits the Edge, Escape, Explorer, F-150, Fusion and Mustang 2011-2018 plus Mercury Mariner, Milan and the 2010-2011 Mazda Tribute.
- Trucks and full-size cars: the 911-222 purge solenoid for the F-150, F-350, Escape and Fusion and the CP597 valve for the 2013-2018 Flex, Taurus, F-250 and F-350.
- The Fusion splits by year: the 2013-2016 Fusion and Lincoln MKZ 2.0L valve carries DG9Z-9D289-A/-D, while the 2017-2020 Fusion and MKZ 2.0T valve moves to HG9Z-9D289-B/-D.
- Big SUVs: the 9U5A-9G866-AA solenoid for the Lincoln Mark LT and Navigator is that platform's own part.
- Same logic, other brands: GM's 12610560 purge valve for the Buick Allure, Enclave and LaCrosse and the 214-2317 for the Cruze 2011-2016 and Sonic 1.8L 2011-2018. Keying, hose size and bracket differ; none interchange with Ford. More in the EVAP purge solenoid guide for Chevy, Buick and GMC owners.
Bulletins worth checking first
- Shared-power false alarms: P0443 arriving with a crowd of unrelated circuit codes points at a shared fuse.
- Valve replacement guidance: TSB 16-0163, 11-1-5 and 12-3-10 cover purge valve replacement, with WSM 303-13 for engine-compartment valves.
- Loose line joints: the 2018-2019 F-150 2.7L/3.5L EcoBoost (TSB 19-2132) documents EVAP joints working loose. A smoke pass finds that in seconds.
- P144A, the restricted-vapor-line code: check which codes are present before condemning the canister.
- Verify the new valve seals at rest — a hand vacuum pump on the manifold port should hold.
- Compare casting numbers with the part you removed; Ford superseded this family often.
- Command it open and closed with a scan tool and listen for the click.
- Re-read the tank pressure sensor at warm idle; expect -2.0 to -4.0 in.-H2O.
- Clear codes and let the monitors re-run. The key-off check needs 30 to 45 minutes, so a straight-to-inspection drive can fail on an incomplete monitor.
Frequently asked questions
Where do I inject the smoke on a Ford?
At the EVAP service port, the green-capped fitting on the engine-side vapor line. Pull the Schrader core first; a filler-neck adapter works on capless fillers.
Do I have to close the vent valve before smoking?
Yes — the vent is normally open, so smoke escapes there instead of finding your leak.
Can I use compressed air instead of a smoke machine?
No. The loop is rated near 0.5 psi; shop air runs far above it and can rupture the canister.
A DIY smoke bomb found nothing, but the code keeps returning. Why?
Ford's key-off monitor convicts leaks down to 0.020 inch, below a jar-and-pump build. A climbing meter with no visible smoke is that class.
Smoke comes out of the purge valve's open port. What does that prove?
That the valve does not seal at rest. The fix is a 9U5Z-9C915-H family replacement matched to your year.
Smoke rises around the filler neck. Is the canister bad?
Not yet — the neck is its own station, and the capless flapper is the usual convict.
Will the Toyota or GM valves you compare fit my Ford?
No — same logic, but different keying, hose size and bracket. Your Ford takes a Ford-referenced part.
Fix the gate the smoke pointed at
New direct-fit 9U5Z9C915H purge valves, plus the 911-222 and CP597 siblings. Not sure which station your smoke test convicted? Send us a request for a quote, email support@koeep.com, or WhatsApp +86 181 3883 8291.
- MOTOR Magazine, Ford's Evap System: Operation & Testing — -8.0 in.-H2O target, 2.5 in.-H2O vapor build, 1.0 psi = 28.0 in.-H2O, key-off EONV, 3 °F ≈ 1.0 in.-H2O (motor.com)
- AutoLine Pro, How To Smoke Test For EVAP Leaks, plus its port adapter and Schrader core tool (autolinepro.com)
- Mastercool smoke machine instructions — flow meter 0-0.040 in. and zeroing (mastercool.com)
- Apex Technology, "Smoke Testing: EVAP, Boost & Intake Leak Guide" (apextechnation.com)
- MOTOR / Mark Warren EVAP leak-detection paper — .040-in and .020-in thresholds (emsgas.com)
- Ford TSB 16-0163, 11-1-5, 12-3-10, 19-2132 — purge valve replacement, shared-power cases, 2018-2019 F-150 EcoBoost EVAP lines (Go-Parts OBD reference, Ford Raptor forum)
- P144A restricted vapor line flowchart and the WSM 303-13 caution (CarTalk forum)
- Loop rating near 0.5 psi / 12 in.-H2O and sub-1 psi regulation (ScannerDanner, Expedition Forum)
- 9U5Z-9C915-H fitment per Amazon listing B0031B11GW, Ford Parts Giant and eBay